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The phrase "double consciousness" was coined by the African American scholar and activist W.E.B. Du Bois in his book "The Souls of Black Folk," published in 1903. Double consciousness refers to the idea that African Americans, as a result of their historical experiences of slavery, discrimination, and marginalization, have a dual identity or awareness. Du Bois argued that African Americans constantly struggle with the tension between their own sense of self and the way they are perceived by the dominant white culture. This dual awareness often leads to feelings of alienation, self-doubt, and a fragmented sense of identity. African Americans, according to Du Bois, are forced to view themselves through the eyes of the white majority, which perpetuates negative stereotypes and limits their opportunities for personal and social advancement. Double consciousness is a complex concept that has been widely debated and interpreted by scholars and activists. Some argue that it is a form of psychological survival, allowing African Americans to navigate a racially hostile society. Others argue that it is a form of internalized oppression, where African Americans internalize the negative messages and stereotypes about their own race. Overall, double consciousness highlights the ongoing struggle that African Americans face in reconciling their own identities with the perceptions and expectations of the dominant culture. It is a concept that continues to resonate in discussions about race, identity, and social justice.